Which method is used for astern refueling in maritime operations?

The highline method is a system commonly employed for astern refueling in maritime operations due to its effectiveness in managing fuel transfers between vessels while at sea. This method involves running a strong line from one ship to another, typically utilizing a series of pulleys to maintain tension and stability. The fuel hoses are then secured and the transfer of fuel can occur across the distance, allowing for refueling without needing to dock or tie up alongside the other vessel.

Using the highline method is advantageous in scenarios where vessels may be in rough seas or where space is limited. It provides a controlled way to ensure that the transfer can occur safely while maintaining some distance between the two ships, minimizing risks associated with potential spills or collision.

While the other methods mentioned, such as over-the-side transfer, hose connection, and gravity feed, each have their own applications in maritime fuel transfer, they are not specifically tailored for the astern refueling configuration that the highline method excels in. Over-the-side transfer generally implies direct handling of hoses and pipes over the side of the vessel, which is less stable and can be more challenging in unpredictable sea conditions. Hose connection and gravity feed methods are more often applied in situations involving more stable docking arrangements rather than underway refueling.