The change of speed affects which parameter in the equation for surge rate?

The surge rate is calculated based on the relationship between distance, speed, and time. When there is a change in speed, it directly influences the calculation of how quickly a vessel can cover a given distance over a specific period. According to the basic formula, speed is defined as the distance traveled over time. Therefore, if the speed changes, it alters the surge rate, which is essentially the amount of time it takes to travel a given distance at that speed.

Adjusting the speed affects how long it takes to reach a destination, and this is fundamental in navigation and seamanship, where precise timing can impact operational effectiveness and safety.

In this context, while distance and time are also part of the surge rate equation, they do not inherently change with a modified speed unless you are adjusting your planned route or travel expectations accordingly. Direction is similarly independent of speed. Thus, the primary factor that impacts the equation directly in terms of control and adjustment is speed.